Memory of the dead

Solitude en Gruyère (femme en deuil et crucifix), Charles Morel, 1939, Musée gruérien, Bulle

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Several rituals and customs related to the remembrance of the dead are still very much alive in the canton. Several sculptures in the Jaun cemetery are visible examples of the rituals and customs surrounding the honouring of the deceased.

In the villages, the death knell is rung on the anniversary of a resident's death. Families, employers and associations announce the death of one of their own in obituaries in the local press. Relatives and acquaintances give the family a letter of condolence with some money for a mass to be said in memory of the deceased or, as has happened more and more frequently in recent years, in favour of a charity or for research. They are thanked by letter or by an advert in the press, which also announces the thirtieth anniversary service, and anniversaries and any memorial services are announced on the obituary pages. The newspaper La Gruyère offers its readers the opportunity to write an obituary free of charge if they wish. The Fribourg daily newspapers therefore play an important role in publicising a death, and many readers turn to the relevant pages first.

In the last 20 years, the rituals surrounding death have changed. The deceased are no longer laid out at home, but in the mortuary chapels of parishes. Prayers on the eve of the funeral are becoming rarer, wreaths and bouquets of flowers are decreasing and the coffin is no longer carried by relatives or neighbours. On the other hand, constants can be observed with regard to the farewell service, whether or not it is followed by cremation: it is almost exclusively of Catholic or Protestant rite and is attended by many people. It is traditionally followed by the funeral meal, also known as the funeral feast, a custom that brings together friends and representatives of the associations.

Every year on 1 November, the feast of All Saints' Day, which is often confused with All Souls' Day on 2 November, many Catholics in Freiburg go to the cemetery to remember the deceased. The graves are lovingly decorated with chrysanthemums, although the number of flowers has decreased over the last 20 years. Depending on the parish, the faithful gather in the morning or afternoon for a ceremony or mass.